Sunday, December 23, 2007

Computer

· Father of computer :Charles Babage(Biography-Passage from lie of a Philosopher)
· Brain of a computer :CPU
· First electronic computer :ENIAC
· ROM :Read Only Memory
· RAM : Random Access Memory
· First personal computer :The Altair (1975)
· First computer game :Space war
· Calculator :Blaze Pascal
· Internet :Glain Recort
· E-mail(electronic mail) :Ray Tomilson(1972)
· Integrated circuit :Jack Kilby and Robert N.Noy
· Compact Disc(C.D) :James T. Russel
· Floppy Disc :Alen shugart
· Computer mouse ;Duggles Carl Angle Bark
· Hot Mail :Sabir Bhatia

Vitamins

· Vitamins discovered by : Casimur fung
· Vit A :Nightblindness,cerophthalmia
· Vit B :Bery Bery
· Vit B2 ;(Riboflavin)
· Vit C(ascorbic Acid) :Scurvey(first artificially made vitamine, loss by heating )
· Vit D(calciferon) : sunlight
· Vit E(Tocoferole) ; helping reproduction
· Vit K(philokinone) :Blood clotting

Chemistry

· Sink sulphate : white vitriol
· Yellow cake : Uranium Oxide
· Highest concentration of element in human body : oxygen
· Little silver : Platinum
· Universal solvent : water
· Blue gold : water
· Ph Value in pure water : 7
· Galvanization : Zinc coating on iron
· Nylon : manufactured using petroleum products.
· Commonly used washing soda : Sodium Carbonate

Biology

· Father of biology :Aristotle
· Father of micro biology ;Louie Paster (cholera vaccine)
· Insulin :Frederic Banting and Charles Best
· Father of Homeopathy :Samuel Haniman
· Father of modern medical science: Hypocrates
· Father of Ayurveda : Athreya maharshy
· Father of Plastic surgery :Susruthan
· Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut
· Father of heart operation :Christian Bernad
· Father of Genetic science :Grigor Mendal
· Father of modern Anatomy : Angdry Vessalious
· Stethoscope ; Rainae Lennac
· ECG :William Enthovan
· EEG : Hans Berger
· Biology the term coined by : Jean Baptiste de Lamark (French)
· Weight of brain :1400gm
· Heart transplantation first in world :Christin Bernad(s.Africa)
· Heart transplantation first in India :Dr: Venugopal AIIMS Delhi(1994)
· Heart transplantation first in Kerala: Dr; Jose Chacko Periappuram (medical Trust EKM)
· Blood Grouping :Carl Land Stainer
· Rh factor Carl Land Stainer
· Blood circulation :Wiliam Harvey
· Universal Donor blood group :O Group
· Universal Recipient blood group :AB
· Small bone in human body :stapes
· Long bone :Femur
· Chemical in tear : lisozime
· World T.B. day :Mar:24
· World Leprocy day :Jan 30
· World diabetes day :Nov 14
· World Alshimers day :Sept:21
· World asthma Day :May 6
· World Old age day :Oct:1
· World Nursesday :May 12
· World Doctors day :July 1
· National blood donation day :Oct 1

Environmental Conferences

· 1972 : Stockholm Conferences
· 1982 ; Nairobi Conferences
· 1989 : Helsinki Conferences
· 1992 : The Rio Conferences
· 1997 : Kyoto Summit
· 2002 : World Summit of Sustainable Development Johannes berg
· 2004 : Stockholm Convention
· 2005 : Montreal Summit

Solar system

· Smallest planet : Mercury
· Fastest Orbiting planet : Mercury
· Most circular orbit : Venus
· Tallest Mountain : Erath
· Red planet : Mars
· Biggest planet ; Jupiter
· Largest planet : Jupiter
· Most Moon : Jupiter (61)
· Greatest Density : Jupiter
· Hottest Planet : Venus
· Deepest Oceans : Jupiter
· Strongest magnetic Fields : Jupiter
· Shortest (day) : Jupiter
· No Moons : Mercury and Venus
· Pluto discovered ; Clide Tombo (1930 )
Planets Names
· Mercury : God of commerce, eloquence and skill
· Venus : Goddess of spring, bloom and beauty
· Mars : God of war.
· Jupiter : Ruler gods and all men
· Saturn : God of agriculture.
· Uranus : God of heavens.
· Neptune : God of sea.
· Pluto : God of underworld and death.

Universe and Space

· Human first in moon :1969 July 209(Neel Amstrong Appolo II)
· Second :Edwin Aldrine
· Last man in Moon :Eugin Kernnal 1972
· First space shuttle in moon :Loona II 1959
· First satellite which orbit around earth :Sputnic I 1957
· First animal in space (1957 SputnicII) :Laika(dog)
· First space Traveller(Astronaut) :UriGagarin(1961 April 12 Osthok I)
· First women astronaut : Valentena Thereshkova(1963)
· First astronaut who walk in space :Alexi Leonov
· First Indian Astronaut : 1984 April 2(Vehicle-Salute seven)
· First Indian women astronoumer :1997 Kalpana Chawla (death-2003 Feb 1 colombia)

Commission rank

Army Navy Air Force
· General Admiral Air chief Marshal
· Lieutenant general vice admiral Air Marshal
· Major General Rear Admiral Air vice Marshal
· Brigadier Commodore Air Commodore
· Colonel Captain Group Captain
· Lieutenant Colonel Commander Wing Commander
· Major Lieutenant Commander Squadron Leader
· Captain Lieutenant Flight Lieutenant
· Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Flying Officer

Union territory capitals

· Delhi : Delhi 1991 Dec
· Andaman Nicobar : Port Blair 1956 Nov 1
· Chandigarh : Chandigarh 1966
· Dada Nagar Haveli : Silvasaa 1961 aug 11
· Daman & Diu : Daman 1987 may 30
· Lakshdeep : Kavarathi 1973 Nov 1
· Puducherry : Pondichery 1963 Jan 7

Indian State Capitals

· Andhra Pradesh : Hyderabad (1956 Nov1)
· Arunachal Pradesh : Itanagar (1987 Feb 20)
· Assam : Dispur (1950 26 Jan)
· Bihar : Patna (1950 26 Jan)
· Chatisgarh : Raipur (2000 Nov 1)
· Goa : Panaji (1987 may 30)
· Gujarat : Gandinagar (1960 may 1)
· Haryana ; Chandigarh (1966 Nov 1)
· Himachal Pradesh : Shimla (1971, Jan25)
· Jammu Kashmir : Srinagar –Summer , Jammu-Winter (1947Oct 26)
· Jhaargarh : Ranchi (2000 Nov 15)
· Karnataka : Bangalore (1973 Nov 1)
· Kerala : Trivandrum (1956 Nov 1)
· Madhya Pradesh : Bhopal (1956 Nov 1)
· Maharashtra : Mumbai (1960 may 1)
· Manipur : Imphal (1972 Jan 21)
· Meghalaya : Shillong (1970 April 2)
· Missoram : Aizawl (1987 20 Feb)
· Nagaland : Kohima(1963 Dec1)
· Orissa : Bhuvneswar (1947 Aug 15)
· Punjab : Chandigarh (1947 aug 15)
· Rajastan : Jaipur (1956 Nov 1)
· Sikkim : Gangtok (1975 may 16)
· Tamil Nadu : Chennai (1950 Jan 26)
· Tripura : Agarthala (1972 Jan 21)
· Uttarachal : Dehradun (2000 Nov 9)
· Utter Pradesh : Luknow (1950 Jan 26)
· West Bengal :Kolkatta (1947 Aug 15)

National Parks in India

(1) Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Campbell BayGalatheaMahatma GandhiMt. Harriet IslandMiddle Button IslandNorth Button IslandRani JhansiSaddle PeakSouth Button Island
(2) Andhra Pradesh: Kasu Brahmananda ReddyMahavir Harina VanasthaliMrugavaniSri Venkateswara
(3) Arunachal Pradesh: MoulingNamdapha
(4) Assam: Dibru-SaikhowaKazirangaManasNameriOrang
(5) Bihar: Valmiki
(6) Chhattisgarh: IndravatiKanger Ghati
(7) Goa: Mollie
(8) Gujarat: BlackbuckGirMarineVansda
(9) Haryana: KalesarSultanpur
(10) Himachal Pradesh: Great HimalayanPin Valley
(11) Jammu & Kashmir: DachigamHemisKishtwarSalim Ali
(12) Jharkhand: Betla Karnataka: AnshiBandipurBannerghattaKudremukhNagarhole
(13) Kerala: EravikulamMathikettan SholaPeriyarSilent Valley
(14) Madhya Pradesh: BandhavgarhFossilKanhaMadhavPannaPenchSanjaySatpuraVan Vihar
15) Maharastra: ChandoliGugamalNavegaonPenchSanjay GandhiTadoba
(16) Manipur: Keibul LamjaoSirohi
(17) Meghalaya: BalphakramNokrek
(18) Mizoram: MurlenPhawngpui
(19) Nagaland: Intanki
(20) Orissa: BhitarkanikaSimlipal
(21) Rajasthan: DarrahDesertKeoladeoRanthambhoreSariska
(22) Sikkim: Khangchendzonga
(23) Tamil Nadu: GuindyGulf of MannarIndira GandhiMudumalaiMukurthi
(24) Uttar Pradesh: NawabganjDudhwa
(25) Uttaragarh: CorbettGangotriGovindNanda DeviRajajiValley of Flowers
(26) West Bengal: BuxaGorumaraNeora ValleySingalilaSundarbans

Dams in India

Bhakranangal(Highest dam in India) Satlaj Punjab
Hirakud (longest in world) Mahanadhi Orissa
Idukki Periyar Kerala
Kakrapara Tapti Gujarat
Koyna Koyna Maharashtra
Malampuzha Bharathapuzha Kerala
Mettoor Kauvery T.N
Thungabhadra Thungabhadra Karnataka
Damodar Valley Damodar W.Bengal, Bihar
Gandhi nagar Chambal M.P/Rajasthan
Nagarjuna Sagar Krishna A.P
Sardar Sarovar Narmada M.P/MH/GUJ

Cities on River Banks

· Agra : Yamuna (UP)
· Ahemmadabad : Sabarmati Gujarat)
· Alwaye : Periyar (Kerala)
· Ayodhya : Sarayu (UP)
· Bdarinath : Gangothri( Uttaraganrh)
· Baghlapur : Ganga (Bihar)
· Buxar : Ganga (Bihar)
· Kolkata : Hugly (W.Bengal)
· Cuttak : Mahanadi (Orissa)
· Delhi : Yamuna (Delhi)
· Gwahatti ; Brahmaputhra (Assam)
· Haridwar : Gamges(Uttaragarh)
· Howra : Hugly (W.Bengal)
· Hydrabad : Musa (AP)

Rivers in india

· Longest river : Ganga
· Lrgesr river : Godavary
· Ganga (2526 K.m), : Originate from Himalaya Gangothri, Haryana, UP, Uttatangal, Rajasthan, MP, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal. Sub Rivers: Yamuna, Gomati, Ramaganga, Ghagra, Zone, Khandak, Keezhul. Ended in Bay of Bengal
· Yamuna (1376 km) : Cities like Delhi, Agra, and Monument Tajmahal situate in the bank of Yamuna. Originated from Himalayan Tehri . sub rivers, Chambal, zone, Betwa, tones,
· Sindhu (2880 km) ; Longest river in Indian subcontinent, originated from Tibetan Manasrovar , Major water share with Pakistan, sub rivers, Thjalam, Chinab, Biyas,Satlaj, ravi…
· Brahma Putra (2688 km) : Originated from Tibetan Manasrovar, flow with Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Thripura, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal . ended in Bay of Bengal.

Nobel Prize winners

· Rabindra natha Tagore : Litrature(1913)
· C.V.Raman : Physics(1930) (Raman effect)
· Hargovind khurana : Medicine(1968)
· Mother Tresa : Peace (19790)
· Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: Physics (1983)
· Amartya Sen : Economics (1998)

Cinema

· First talkie film in kerala : Balan (1938)
· “Insignificance” film is about : Robert Einstein
· Anarlai 1928, Mugal E Assam 1960., Noorjahan 1923, Tajmaha, 1941,1963,2005 about Mugal Dynasty
· Academy awards (Oscar)venue :Kodak theatre(Los angels)
· 2006 best film :The Departed
· 2006 best actor :Forest Whitaker (film-the last king of Scotland )
· 2006 best actress :Helen Mirren (film- Little miss sun shine)
· Best director(2006) : Martin Scorse (The Departed)
Literature in India
· Kalidasan : Ruthushamharam, Kumara Sombhavam, Mekhaduthu, MalavikaAgnimithram, Vikramorvasiyam, Abhinjanasakunthalam, Karpuramanjari, Srungarathilakam, Sethu kavyam,
· Vishnu Sharman : Pancha Thandram
· Damodar Savarkar : 1857 the first war of Independence
· Amara Singan ; AmaraKosham
· Mruchaghadikam : Srusdhan
· Jayadevan : Geetha Govindam
· The history of Indian cinema : Rangoon Wala
· Kalhanan : Rajatharangini
· Amarthya sen : The argumentative India
· Narendra Jadav : The out cast

Founding Fathers (India)

· Sikh Religion : Guru Nanak
· Green Revolution India : M S Swamy Nathan
· Oil industry : K.D. Malavya
· Golden temple : Guru Arjun singh
· Indian Nuclear Science :Homi.J. Bhaba
· Planning commission in India : M. Viswesaryya
· Father of karnatic music :Purantharadasan
· Father of Indian journalism ;Chalapathi Rao
· Father of Indian library : SR. Ranganathan

Person belongs to India

· Adi kavi : Valmeeki
· Deenabandu :C.F.Andrews
· Deshabandu : C.R.Das
· Loknayak : Jayaprakash Narayanan
· Kaviguru : Rabindra nath Tagore
· Indian Nepolian : Samudra Guptan
· Shakari : Chandra Guptan II

Samadhi Sthal

· Raj Ghat : Mahatma Gandhi
· Veer Bhoomy : Rajive Gandhi
· Sakhti Sthal : Indira Gandhi
· Shantivanam ; Nehru
· Abhay Ghat : Morarji Desai
· Narayan Ghat :Gulsarilal Nanda
· Vijay Ghat : Lal Bahador shastri
· Chitahnya Bhumi : Ambedkar
· Samada sthal : Gag jeevan ram
· Kisan Ghat : Charan Sing
· Eakatha Sthal ; Sail Sing
· Ekatha Sthal (Karma Bhoomy) : K.R. Narayanan
· Nigham Both Ghat : Krishnakanth

Commissions

· Nanavathi Commission : Godhra Train incident
· Marad riot : Thomas Joseph
· Subhash Chandra Bose missing (1945) : Shanavas Commission and Mukharji Commission

Cultural Programmes

· Kuchipudy : Andhra Pradesh
· Bharatha Natyam : Tamil Nadu
· Kadhakaly : Kerala
· Mohiniyattom : Kerala
· Odissi : Orissa(Kelucharan Mahapathra)
· Boul music : West Bengal
· Kadhak : Utter Pradesh
· Yaksha Ganam : Karnataka
· Flute :Padit Hariprasad chawrasya
· Mrudangam :Palakkad maniayyar
· Shehnai :Bismilla ghan

Awards in India

· Highest military award : Param veer Chakra
· Pulister Prize (First Indian) :Gobind Behari Lal
· Nehru awards for national awareness : Khabus Be Said al SaisD(Oman king 25 lacks)
· Golden globe award 2007 : Alayandro Gonzalas Inamittu (Mexican/ film- Babel )
· Saraswathy Samman 2006 :Dr;Jaganath Prasad Das(oriya writer)

Cities in India

· City of palaces : Kolkatta
· City of temples : Bhuvaneswar
· Planned city : Chandigarh
· Pink city : Jaipur
· Solar city : Amruthsar
· City of golden temple : Amruthsar
· Lake city : Udaipur ( Rajasthan )
· Seven gates city : Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
· Millennium city : Gorgun
· Bengal sorrow : River Damodar
· Gate way of India : Bombay
· Spice garden of India : Kerala
· Orange city : Nagpur
· Jail cellular : Port Blair (1896)

Important Places in India

· Mount Abu : Rajasthan – Pilgrim centre of Jainas
· Jalian Walla bag : Punjab
· Golden temple : Amruthsar (Punjab)
· Kanjan Junga : Sikkim (Highest peak in India)
· Konark Temple : Orissa (Black Pagoda)
· Bandipur national Par : Mysore
· Piti Island :Lakshadweep-natural bird sanctuary
· Areekmedu :Pondichery
· Laccadives :Lakshyadweep

Largest in India

· Largest irrigation canal in India : Indira Gandhi canal (Rajasthan)
· Cave temple : Ellora (Maharashtra)
· Largest lake :Vuller (Kashmir)
· Largest Delta :Sunderban
· Mosque :Juma Masjit (Delhi)
· Largest forest area in :M.P (Smallest-Haryana)
· Museum :Indian museum
· Water falls : Jog falls(Karnataka)
· Hanged Bridge :Howra (Kolkata)
· Bank :SBI
· River :Ganga
· Desert :Thar(Rajastan)
· Library :National Library (kolkata)
· Bird sanctuary :Bharatpur
· Post Office :Mumbai GPO
· Largest no of cities in India : UP
· Literacy rate in India : 65.3%

Temples, Caves and Monuments, Museums

· Ajantha : Maharashtra
· Ellora : Maharashtra
· Elephenta Caves : Mumbai
· Lothal : Gujrat
· Sanchi : Madhya Pradesh
· Sarnath : Utter Pradesh
· Gandhi museum :Madhura (UP)
· Tippu sultan Museum :Sreerangapattanam (Karnataka)
· Prince of Wales :Mumbai
· Victoria memorial hall :Kolkatta
· Birla museum : Kolkatta
· Salarjangh Museum :Hydrabad
· Rail museum :Delhi
· National museum :Kolkatta
· Indian war museum :Delhi
· Doll museum :Delhi
First in India
· News Paper : Bengal Gazettes, 1780 may 29
· Indian Olympic individual medal : KD Jadav (bronze) wrestling
· Television : 1959
· Post office in India : Kolkatta (1774)
· Postal Service department : 1854 (governor Dalhousie)
· Post office in outside India : South Gumgothri (Antarctica)
· Speed post established in : 1986 Aug 1
· First open university : Andhra Pradesh Open university
· First Correspondent course introduced in : Delhi University
· Women university in : Srimathy nathy Bhai Thakkare University (Pune)
· First agricultural University : Govind Vallbhai Panth university (UP)
· First university of handicapped in the world : Utter Pradesh
· First ICS officer : Sathyendran
· First women governor : Sarojini Naidu
· First women chief minister : Suchetha Kripalani
· First chief justice ; Hari lal J. Kaniya
· First commander in chief in independent India : General K.M. Kariyappa
· First lady in Indian postal stamp : Meera Bhai
· First Indian emperor in postal stamp : Chandra Gupta Mouryan
· Panchathy Raj first introduced in : Rajasthan ( Nagure 1959)
· Eco town in India : Panipatt
· First test tube baby in India :Durga 1978 Kolkatha
· Regular census started in India :1881
· First news paper in India :Bengal Guest (1780 May29)
· Indian postal dept started :1854
· National bird Peacock : 1964
· National animal : 1972
· National flag : 1947 July 22
· India’s first women foreign secretary : Chokila Iyer
· First women foreign minister : Lakshmi N Menon

Current Affairs India

· Nuclear project in Tamil Nadu : Koodamkulam (Russian support)
· Brahmos : Indo-Russian missile project
· K.G. Balakrishnan :37th Chief Justice of India
· Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE I):2007 Jan
· Indian Air Force Head ;Faly H. Major
· French Legion of Honor award, : Latha Mangeskar (singer)
· No: of High courts in India :21
· RBI Governor :Y.V.Reddy
· Deputy: Planning Commissioner :Montek Singh Aluwalia
· Human Rights commission chairman :S.S.Anand
· Woman commission chairman ;Girija vyas
· Deputy chairman of Rajyasabha ;K.Rahman Ghan
· Major ports in India :12
· Largest port in India ;Mumbai
· Nirvachan Sadan : Election Commission office
· Special position to Kashmir : Art -370

Specialty of Places in India

· Indian Seed box : Punjab
· Least population in India : Sikkim
· Highest population in India : Utter Pradesh
· Sugar plate in India : Utter Pradesh
· Western Manchester : Coimbatore
· Thriveni sangam (Ganga ,Yamuna ,Saraswathy) : Prayag (UP)
· Head quarterse of NABARD : Mumbai
· Indian Kohinnor : Andra Pradesh
· Silicon valley of India ; Bangalore
· Red sea in India ; BrahmaPuthra

Mughal Dynasty (1526-1857)

· Founder of Mughal Dynasty : Babur (1483-1530)(defeated Ibrahim Lodhi,Delhi; in first Panipatt war in 1526)
· Baburs biography :Tuzk I Baduri
· Battle of Khanwa :Babur defeated Rana Sangha
· Shersha Suri :1486-1545(built Grant Trunk Road-Fist road in Indian sub continent) Knowned as Long walk)
· First Panipatt Babur with Ibhrahim Lodi ( 1526)
· Mughal ruler in India at the time of establishing East India Company : Akbar
· Humayoon (1507-1556) {Nasrudheen Mirza Muhammad Humayoon}
· Akbar (1542-1605) (Jalalludheen Muhammad Akbar)
· Din Ilahi (Divine Faith) : Akbar’s religion
· Jassiya :Tax for non-Muslims
· Wrtings about Akbar : Akbar nama& Ainy akbary
· Minister :Birbal(1528-1586)Or Mahesh Das
· Singer :Thansen
· City of voictory :Fathepur Sikri(built by Akbar)
· First English men who visited Akbar :1585, RALPH FITCH
· Panipath II :1556, Akbar Defeated Adilshaw
· Jahamgir (1569-1627) (Nurudeen Muhammad Jahamgir)
· Wife : Noorjahan
· Autobiography :Memmories
· Shajahan (1592-1666) (Shahabudeen Mohammed Shajahan)
(Golden ages of Art)
· Built : Red fort, Pearl Masjith, Diwan A ghas, Juma Masjith, Taj Mahal etc.
· Taj Mahal built the sculpture : Ustad Esa (Persian)
· Mayor simhasanam build by Shajahan
· Auraangaseb (1618-1707) (Muhuyudeen Mohammed Aurangaseb)
· Alamgir :Aurangaseb received new name(1659)
· Zinda Pir(living saint) : Aurangaseb
· Women Mugal Emperor :Noorjahan(Meharunissa Beegum)
· Last Mugal emperor : Bahadur Shaw II (Bahadur Shaw Suffur) 1857.

Governor General and Viceroys

· Robert Clive : Ist British governor in Bengal
· Waran Heasting : Ist governor general in British India
· Lord Caning : last Governor general in British India
· Lord Canning : First viceroy
· Mount batten : last viceroy and first governor general in independent India.
· C. Rajagopalachari : First Indian governor general in independent India
· Dul Housy : Adoption right Prevention act , the father of modern India , introduced rail way in India 1853, India Postal Department 1954. And public works department started.

First Ministers of independent India

· PM : Jawaharlal Nehru
· Dpty. PM : Patel
· Home minister :Patel
· Defense : Baldev Sing
· Railway : Lal Bahdur Shastry
· Finance : R.K. Shanmukham Chetty
· Industry : Shyamaprasad Mukharji
· Law : Ambedkar
· Education : Moulana Abdul kalam Azad
· Health : Rajkumary Amruth Kaur

Indian National Congress

· Indian National Congress (INC)established : A.O Hume (1885 Dec)
· Named Congress by : Dada Bhai Navaroji
· INC first conference : Bombay
· INC first president : W.C. Banerji
· INC Second conference : 1886 Kolkatta presided by Dada Bhai Navaroji
· INC Third Conference : 1887 Madras (presided by Badaruddin Thiyabji)
· INC foreign president : George Yule
· First Women president INC : Annie Basant 1917 (Kolkatta)
· First Indian Women president INC : Sarojini Naidu 1925 (Kanpur)
· INC s long tenured president : Moulana Abdul kalam Azad.
· Gandhi is elected president of INC : 1924 Belgam
· Netaji elected as president of INC : 1938 Haripuram
· INC president at the time of independence : J.B. Kripalani
· Last congress conference in British India : 1946 Meerat

Indian history

BC 326 : Alexander invaded India
BC 323 : Death of Alexander
BC 261 : Asokas Kalinga war
BC 58 : Vikrama year
AD78 : Saka year – first month chithram last falguna (Kanishkan)
AD 320 : Guptha year
AD 622 : Hijra Year
Golden ages of ancient India : Period of Gupta Dynasty
· Designer of Indian national flag : Pingaly Venkaiyya (AP)
· National flag ratio : 3:2. recognized in 1947 July 22
National Anthem by (Bengali) : Tagore (52 seconds) recognized in 1950 Jan 24
National song (vande math ram): Bankim Chandra Chattergy, recognized in 1950 Jan 24
National devotion song : Sare Jahamse Achha (Muhammad Iqbal / 1905)
First independent struggle in India :1857 (Sipai Mutiny)
Tandhiya Thoppy (Reghu Nath) :1814 -1859 (freedom fighter)
Jancy Rani (Mani Karnika -Maratha) :1857 June 17 (death)
· Mangal Pandey (Ist martyr freedom struggle) :1857 April 8
· Damodar Savrkar (book) :1857 the first war of Independence.
· Last emperor of Mugal Kingdom : Bahadurshah II (1862 death).
· Act for the better govt of India passed by British parliament: 1858 (power transferred to Queen Victoria from the east India company).
· Communal representation was introduced in India : Minto Morely Reforms (1909).
· First opposition leader in Indian parliament : A .K. Gopalan.
· Founder of Theosophical Society : Madame Blavtsky
· Mahatmas first sathyagraha at : Chambaran
· First Chief Justice ; Harilal J. Kania
· Governor general first introduce railway line in India : Lord Dalhousie
· Ban dung Conference was held in : 1955
· Internal emergency in India (1975, Indira Gandhi, Declared) withdrawn by: B.D.Jetty.
· First viceroy in India : Lord Caning
· Bengal partition : 1905 ( Lord Kurzon )
· Swadeshi Movement formed : 1905
· Muslim league formed in : 1906 (Dhaka)
· Congress Conference for partition to Radical and liberal : 1907 (Surat)
· Rejoined : 1916 (Luknow)
· Minto Morly reform : 1909 (separate Muslim constituency)
· Aborted Bengal Partition : 1911 ( Lord Hardisnsh)
· Gandhi return to India from South Africa : 1915 Jan 9
· Chambaran (Bihar) Sathya Graham : 1917
· Mondegu Chemsford reform : 1919
· Jalian Walabaag : 1919
· Roulath Act : 1919
· Khilafath Movement : 1920 (Ali brothers)
· Non cooperation movement : 1921
· Chourichura movement :1922 (UP)
· Purna Swaraj : 1929 (Lahore congress)
· Salt Sathyagraha : 1930
· Dendi yathra : 1930 (78 followers)
· Ist round table conference : 1930
· Bagath Sing hanged on : 1931 march 23
· Gandhi-Irvin pact : 1931
· Communal award : 1932 (Ramse Mac Donald British PM)
· Poona Pact : 1932
· Lahore Conference : 1940
· Crips Mission : 1942 (Strafford Cripps)
· Quit India : 1942 Aug 9 ( Bombay )
· INA established : 1943 (Singapore)
· Cabinet Mission : 1946 (Clement Atly)
· Interim government : 1946 (Jawarlal Nehru )
· Inqulab Sindabad by : Muhammad Iqbal
· Jai hind by ; Netaji
· First Indian who elected to British parliament : Dada Bhai Navaroji.
· Political Guru of Mahatma : Gokhale
· Home rule : Anibesent (1915)
· The first non Indian recipient “Bharatha rathna” : Khan Abdul Ghaffer Khan

Indian Geography

Extreme points of India
India
Northernmost Point — Siachen Glacier near Karakoram Pass, Jammu and Kashmir
Southernmost Point — Indira Point, Great Nicobar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Westernmost Point — West of Ghuar Mota, Gujarat
Easternmost Point — Kibithu, Arunachal Pradesh
India (mainland)
Northernmost Point — Siachen Glacier near Karakoram Pass, Jammu and Kashmir
Southernmost Point — Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), Tamil Nadu
Westernmost Point — West of Ghuar Mota, Gujarat
Easternmost Point — Kibithu, Arunachal Pradesh
India's northernmost point is disputed. The Karakoram Pass is the northernmost point under Indian control. India claims the entirety of Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost point of which is the Kilik Pass. Pakistan disputes that any part of the state is sovereign Indian Territory, leaving Killar in Himachal Pradesh as the northernmost undisputed part of India.

Percentage of Earth surface covered by India : 2. 4%
Oldest Mountain range in India : Aravally (5650 ft)
Which mountain range separates south part of India from north : Vindhyas (2500 to 4000 ft )
Satpura range between : Narmada & Tapti Rivers
Andaman Island comprise : 204 small islands,
Nicobar island : 19 island
Lakshdeep : 27 coral islands
State having maximum proportion of its geographical areas under dense forest covered : Arunachal Pradesh
State having lowest forest are under proportion : Haryana
State having largest area of forest : MP
Forest area in India : 22.8% of total land area 752 lac hectare (2% of the world forest area)
Climates
Winter : December to March
Summer : April to May
Monsoon : June to September (South West)
North East Monsoon : November to December
Highest Rain fall in : Assam (10.80 cm/ 421 inch per year)
Lowest rain fall : Rajasthan( 10.cm/4.inch)
The great Himalayan rivers : (1) Indus,(Sathlaj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum) (2) Ganges (Yamuna, Gomati, Gharga, Betwa and Ken) (3) Brahmaputhra .

Major Industries

· Iron and Steel : USA, Russia, Japan
· Textiles (Cotton) : USA, China, India
· Textiles (Woolen) : Russia, UK, Japan,
· Chemicals : USA, Germany, UK
· Paper : USA, Canada, Japan
· Rubber : USA, UK, Germany

Crops Primary Producing Countries

· Barley : Russia, USA, China
· Clove : Tanzania
· Cocoa : Brazil, Ghana
· Flax : Russia, Belgium
· Groundnut : Indian, China
· Jute : Bangladesh, India, China
· Rubber : Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Srilanka
· Mica : USA, China, Brazil
· Silk : Japan, China, Korea
· Tobacco : USA, Russia, China

Major Exporter countries

· Aluminum : USA
· Coal : USA
· Coffee : Brazil
· Cotton : USA
· Copper : USA
· Gold : South Africa
· Iron ore : USA
· Jute : Bangladesh/ India

Important Minerals & Producing Countries

· Aluminum : Jamaica, Surinam, France
· Asbestos : Canada, Zimbabwe, South Africa
· Chromium : India, SA, Zimbabwe, China
· Coal : USA, Russia, China
· Copper : USA, Russia, China
· Gold : SA, USA, Australia
· Graphite : Sri Lanka
· Iron ore : Russia, USA, Australia
· Lead : USA, Russia, Spain
· Lignite : Germany
· Magnesium : India, Russia, Mexico
· Mercury : Italy, Spain, USA
· Mica : India
· Nickel : Canada
· Petroleum : Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Qatar, UEA
· Platinum : Russia, Columbia
· Silver : Canada, Russia, Mexico
· Tin : Malaysia, Bolivia
· Uranium : Zaire, SA, USA, Canada, Germany
· Thorium : India, Brazil, USA
· Zinc : Canada, Russia, Belgium

Major Crops & Main Producing Countries

· Wheat : Russia, USA
· Rice : China, India
· Sugarcane : India, Brazil
· Cotton : Russia, USA
· Tea : India, China
· Coffee : Brazil, Columbia

International organizations

· The Asian Development Bank ADB : 1966, 59 members , President : Haruhiko Kuroda , (Japan) (Head Quarters: Manila/ Philippines)
· The association South east Asian nations ASSEAN : 1967, members (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore)
Secretary General: Ong Keng yong Singapore
· Interpol : 1923, 184 members , secretary general : Ronald K Noble , (head Quarters: Paris , France)
· International Labor Organization : Geneva
· International Judo Federation (IJF) : Soul (Korea)

Official publications

· Blue book : UK
· Green Book : Italy, Iran
· Gray Book : Japan, Belgium
· Orange Book : Netherlands
· White Book : Germany, Portugal, China
· Yellow Book : France.

Name of the parliament

· Bangladesh : Jatiya Sangsad (parliament)
· Bhutan : Tshogdu (National Assembly)
· Brazil : Congress
· Canada : House of common and Senate
· Denmark : Folketing
· Iceland : Alpingi
· Iran : Majlis
· Israel : Knesset
· Japan : Diet
· Mangolia : the Great Hural
· Nepal : Rashtriya Panjayat
· Norvey : Storting
· Poland : Sejm
· USA : Congress (house of Rep & Senate)

Boundaries

· Durant line : India – Pakistan
· Hinden burgline : Germany –Poland
· Marginal line : France – Germany
· Manner hein line : Russia- Finland
· Order Neisse : Poland –Germany
· Sieg Fried : Germany – France
· 17th parallel : North Vietnam – south Vietnam
· 24th parallel : India – Pakistan
· 38th Parallel : North Korea- South korea
· 49th Parallel ; USA- Canada

Old names

· Mesopotamia : Iraq
· Persia ; Iran
· Rajaputana : Rajasthan
· Zaire : Congo
· Gold Cost : Ghana
· Southern Rhodesia : Zimbabwe
· Northern Rhodesia : Zambia

Fathers

· Susruthan : Plastic surgery
· Micro biology : Luis Pastor
· Modern Journalism : John Walter
· Electricity : Michael Faraday
· Mechanics : Galileo Galili
· Telephone : Alexander Graham bell
· News paper : John bell
· Chemistry : Robert byle
· Atom bomb : Robert Oppenheimer
· Railways : George Stephenson
· Television ;John Bird(1926 Black$ white) (1928 colour)
· Refrigerator :James Harrisson $Alexander Cathelin1850
· Mobile Phone : Martin Cooper
· Television Remote Control :Robert Adler
· Father of cooperation : Robert Oven

Autobiography

· Jean Paul Sarth : The Words
· Hellan Keller : The story of my life
· Betrant Russel : Autobiography
· Nicholas kazantizak : The report to Greco
· Silvia Path : The Bell Jar
· Gabrie Marques : Living to tell the tales
· Michele Jackson : Moon Walk
· Dalila Lama : Freedom to Exile
· Nelson Mandela : long walk to freedom
· Pandit Ravisankar : Ragamala
· Kapil Dev : Straight from the heart
· Steve Waugh : Out of my comfort Station
· David Becham ; My side
· R.K. Laksman : The tunnel of time
· Uri Gagarin : Star man
· Narasinha Rao : The Insider
· Jawaharlal Nehru : An autobiography
· Subash Chandra Bose : An Indian pilgrim
· Jaya Prakash Narayan : Prison Dairy
· EMS : Autobiography

Books

· Charles Dickens : A tale two cities (French revolution)
· Salman Rushdie : Satanic Versus
· Dan Brown : Dan Vinci Code
· Plato : The republic
· Machiavelli : The prince
· William Dalriomble : Last Mughal
· Tom and Jerry (Creator) :William Hanna & Joseph Barbara
· Scooby doo :Takka Motta
· Mickey Mouse ;Walt Disney
· Ian Fleming (creator) : James Bond
· Rabindra Natha Tagore : The Post office, Gora and Geethanjali.
· Amartya Sen : Poverty and famine
· Lewis Wallace : Benhur
· Shakespear : As you Like it
· Richard Burton : Canterbury Tales
· Sarat Chandra Chattergy : Devdas
· Thomas Hardy : Far from the crowd
· Rabindra Nath Tagore : Gora
· Dostoyesky : Idiot, Karamazov Brothers
· Rudyard Kipling : Jungle Book
· Vladimar Nabakov : Lolitha
· Kathrine mayo : Mother India
· Issac Newton : Principia
· Nirad C Chowdary : To live or not to live

Branches of studies

· Cryogenics : study of low temperature
· Enology : study of Wines

Lady's in history

· Virgin queen : Elizabeth Queen
· Daughter of East : Benazeer Bhutto
· Made of Oreliance : Joan of Arch
· Payyoli Express : PT Usha
· Mary Robinson : Ist women President in Ire land
· Shake Hasina : IInd prime minister in Bangladesh
· Margaret Thatcher : Iron lady in Britain
· Ellan Johnson : Ist Elected women president in Africa
· Eylin Collins : Leader of Space mission
· Wangari Maathai : Kenyan environmentalist
· Elizabeth Domitirian ; First Negro prime minister in the world (central Africa)
· Shirin Ibadi : Ist women judge in Iran
· Isabella Peron ; Ist lady president in the world (Argentina)
· First women president of Harvard University: Due Gilpin Fost

Important dates

· Women’s day :March 8
· World water day :March 22
· Earth day :April 22
· World book day : April 23
· World anti-terrorist day :May21
· World environment day : June 5
· World Refugee day : June 20
· World population Day :July 11
· Poverty eradication day :October 17
· Water for world decade :2005-2015
· International year of pure water :2003
· SAARC : 1985
· IMF : 1945
· UNESCO : 1946

World important events

· Magna carta :1215
· Siege of Constannople :1453
· Habeas Corpus act :1679 (England)
· Glorious evolution :1688 (England)
· Industrial Revolution :1750-1850 ( England)
· Boston tea party :1773
· French Revolution :1789
· American Independence war :1776-1783
· American civil war :1861-1865
· Battle of Water Loo :1815
· Crimear war :1854-56
· Russo-Japan war :1904-1905
· Russian revolution :1917
· Treaty of versalities :1919
· League of Nations :1920
· Hiroshima (bombing) :1945 Aug 6 (Little boy )
· Nagasaki :1945 Aug 8 (Fat man )

Largest in the world

· Butterfly park :Banarkhata (Bangalore )
· Highest Waterfalls :Angel (Venezuela) (807mtre)
· 2nd largest :Italinga (Brazil 628 meter)
· Tea producing country :India
· Jute producing country :India

Current affairs

· Marpappa’s security force :Swiss Guard
· Conference of electing Marpappa :Conclave Conference
· Beglihar Dam (470ft) :J&K-Chenab River-(started 2000)
· Chechen President :Ramsan Kadirov
· Harvard university lady president : Gilpin Fost
· Last joined in EU : Bulgaria and Rumania
· The Bible of Mathematician : Elements
· Amnesty International Award (2007,Feb:15) :Jennifer Lopez (actor)
· U.N Secretary :Dr: Asha Rose (Tanzanian Foreign Minister)
· Somjodha express : 1976 July 22 (Delhi –Atari)
· Citizen Power (Muhammad Unis) : Political Party in Bangladesh (Jana Nagarik)
· Moon Exploration Vehicle (European space agency): SMART I (2003 Sept7) Small Mission for advanced Research in Technology-SMART I-(Reached in 2006 Sept 3) (To know the evolution secret of the Moon).
· Ku Klux Klan : Racial Movement opposes Negros.

First in world

· Hydrogen bomb first tested in : Marshal island
· Nobel prize winner for literature : Sully Prudhomm (1901) (France)
· Test tube baby : Louise Brown
· Paper currency :China
· First novel in the world ; A tale of Genji ( Murasakki, Japan)
· First used ballet paper for election : Australia
· First used rocket in war : Chinese
· Highest mountain in Africa ; Kilimanjaro
· Highest mountain in Europe ; Alps
· Highest mountain in North America : Macking leys
· Highest mountain in South America : Illampu
· Deepest lake in the world : Baikal
· Effel tower build : Gustav Effel
· First cinema (color) : Dr Lee de Fores